Treatment of the Kurds by Saddam Hussein: History

Treatment of the Kurds by ibn Talal Hussein Hussein History1. Backgroundibn Talal Hussein Hussein was the professorship of Iraq for nearly a quarter of a century, from 1979 to 2003. The United States invaded Iraq in 2003 and deposed ibn Talal Hussein Hussein after defeating his military forces in a bloody and costly fight. The former dictator is currently in captivity and facing charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The country is still chthonic the occupation of the USA and its allies and is going away through very difficult meters, a period of violence, semi semipolitical fit and economic need.Iraq has underg single intense political turmoil, debilitating and prolonged wars, economic deprivation and immersenecine strife for nearly three decades. The country has an overwhelmingly Arabic Muslim population, who belong to twain religious sects, the Shias and the Sunnis. In addition to these two groups, the Kurdish people, who be Shias by faith, precisely not A rabs, inhabit the northeast of the country. The Kurds hold in been in constant conflict with Saddams Baathist government for umpteen years over religious and political issues. in that location have been numerous allegations of violent and extensive persecution of the Kurds, including the example of chemical weapons and middle gas, by government forces. Thousands of Kurds have supposedly been killed and buried in great deal graves by the army during Saddam Husseins government the atrocities against Kurds is ane of the main crimes against humanity for which he is facing trial.The focus of the disquisition specified to the queryer, as part of academic course needment, is to investigate and break up the factors responsible for the treatment of the Kurdish population by the Iraqi governance under Saddam Hussein. It is a topic of immense genial and political significance and a properly thought go forth and well conducted question subsidisation might well provide a fresh military position on the issue and be of help to hearty scientists and academia.2. Definition of look IssuesThe successful conduct of this question assignment and the preparation of the dissertation provide be influenced by a proper appreciation and handling of the contrasting issues needed for carrying out relevant and ethical social research.The topic under investigation is evocative and contemporaneous. It is difficult for involved people and external observers to be impartial and objective about the issue, considering the enormous amount of material generated by media and other observers.Saddam Hussein, after years of dictatorial rule, appears to be a man condemned by popular perception, his statements in court considered to be no more than the ranting of a cornered and beaten megalomaniac. A poring over of recent media reports in the western press show him in the vanquish possible light and very little appears on the positive sides of his calibre or his regime. The we bsite Saddam Husseins Philanthropy of Terror (2004) and many similar ones refer to him as The Butcher of Baghdad, (Murdock, 2004) among other pejoratives. Saddam Hussein has had an extraordinarily long term as President of Iraq. The western media and the US government, especially during the term of Ronald Reagan, have supported him in his war against Iran after the deposition of the Shah. His conflict with the west commenced with his attack on capital of Kuwait 1990 and stop with his defeat and deposition in 2003.It is of immense importance to frankincense define the various issues of the research assignment. These lead need to deal with the political and religious affiliation of Saddam Hussein and the Baathist regime, the religious, political and social differences between the Iraqi regime and the Kurds, the nature of the atrocities carried out on the Kurds and the reasons for these atrocities. The research issues, framed as questions can thus be as critical belowWhat were the p olitical and religious affiliations of Saddam Hussein and the Baathist fellowship?What were the religious, social and political differences between the Iraqi regime and the Kurds of Iraq?What was the nature of atrocities carried out by the Iraqi regime on the Kurds?What were the reasons for the carrying out of these atrocities?A particularized articulation of the issues will thus enable the research worker to focus on the core issues involved in the dissertation, conduct the investigation and gather examine accordingly. Social research involved the interaction between ideas and evidence. Ideas help social researchers puff sense of evidence, and researchers use evidence to extend, revise and test ideas.(Ragin, 1994)3. research MethodologyThe research methodology to be used for particular assignments depends, to a great deal on the inclination and affinity of the researche for particular techniques procurable within the broad framework of rules followed for social research assi gnments. The importance of tributary research is inherent for an assignment with such a broad canvas, encompassing, inter alia, social mores, religion and politics, dominant and inferior groups, repression and atrocities. A number of books, texts, journals and magazines on Saddam Hussein, Iraq and the Kurdish issue are available in ambitious and electronic format, many of which are listed in the bibliography. It will be essential to peruse these texts, in reference with the research issues to arrive at findings generated from knowledge available in auxiliary sources.The appropriate research methodology for the mean of this assignment needs to take bursting charge of the discussed facts and be tailored accordingly. An condition on Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Social interrogation by Nedra Kline Weinrich, scratch published in 1996 details a methodology, wherein a balanced and well thought out mix of denary and soft research techniques could well be the most appropriate methodology for conducting this assignmentAn examination of the numeric and qualitative paradigms will help to identify their strengths and weaknesses and how their different neares can complement each other. In most cases, researchers fall into one of the two camps, any relying exclusively upon objective postdate questionnaires and statistical analyses and eschewing warmly and fuzzy qualitative methods, or using only qualitative methodologies, rejecting the denary approach as decontextualizing human behaviour. However, it is widely accepted that each approach has positive attributes and that combining different methods, if handled properly, can result in the scoop out of both techniques. (Weinrich, 1996) research techniques used for quantitative analysis aim to accomplish objective results and eschew subjective interpretation. The respondents are generally selected through random sampling in a statistical manner aimed at achieving a solution from the selected sample, which will be representative of the total population. Qualitative research methods are vastly different and concentrate on working with little groups known as focus groups. These focus groups are selected with great care but later subjected to intensive questioning and interviewing by trained researchers who are very well versed in qualitative techniques. It is the job of these researchers to stop that their respondents are able to provide them with subjective and interpretative info, which would have neer come out with quantitative techniques.There are however round techniques wherein it is possible to integrate qualitative and quantitative methods in research.In the first approach, qualitative methods contribute to the development of quantitative instruments, such as the use of focus groups in questionnaire construction. The second model consists of a primarily quantitative study that uses qualitative results to help interpret or explain the quantitative find ings. In the third approach, quantitative results help interpret predominantly qualitative findings, as when focus group participants are asked to fill out survey questionnaires at the session. In the fourth model, the two methodologies are used equally, in parallel to cross-validate, and build upon each others results. may operate under one or more of these models the approaches are not mutually exclusive. (Weinreich, 1996)It is felt that desegregation quantitative and qualitative research methods will lend depth and pellucidness to this research assignment. Using ten-fold approaches can be time-consuming, labour-intensive and expensive, but also possibly the most productive.In addition to obtaining information from patriarchal sources like official websites and journals, the researcher also proposes to carry out a detailed questionnaire based survey of 20 Iraqis for obtaining primary information on the key issues. The respondents can be sourced with the help of the Iraqi emba ssy. It is predictd that thither will not be much difficulty in obtaining consonant respondents once the purpose of the study and the research credentials are clarified. As the sample population is not very large the questionnaires will have to focus on the research issues and on obtaining a qualitative response. This could be done either by framing 20 dependent ended questions focusing on research issues or by using 20 questions with multiple choice answers. Multiple choice questions will allow respondents to chose their response from a set of answers and be useful in preparing a tabulated response. The researcher is in favour of using a range of leading open ended questions but will have to use excellent interviewing skills, either personal or outsourced to get authentic responses. The code of ethics will be followed strictly both during the framing of the questionnaire and the conduct of the interviews. The right of the respondents to screen and confidentiality will be strictl y observed as well as their wish to answer questions.The findings of the primary research and the findings obtained from a study of the secondary literature will need to be matched and cross tallied for support or contradiction to arrive at logical supported findings and thence to conclusions.4. Limitations of instructionA number of constraints could arise during the course of the dissertation that could in both(prenominal) ways affect its final quality. The researcher has already started reading the data available from secondary sources and does not anticipate any problems to arise from inaccessibility of secondary data. However the possibility of missing out on somewhat important information due to lack of time or knowledge does exist.The researcher proposes to interview 20 people to obtain responses on issues relevant to the matter under investigation. This is still a grey area as no respondents have been finalised yet but the researcher does not anticipate much difficulty in obtaining these responses.The subject proposed for investigation has multiple has multiple perspectives, evidenced by the large number of theories. The study will require time and perspicacity for a proper and acceptable result. The researcher proposes to make sincere efforts to examine the issue from different perspectives. The availability of more time would have possibly thrown up more data and a larger primary information sample leading to more veracious data for analysis and solutions.BibliographyCrano, W. D., Brewer, M. B. 2002. Principles and Methods of Social enquiry. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Kazemzadeh, M. 1998. Thinking the Unthinkable result the Problem of Saddam Hussein for Good. Middle East Policy, 1(1), 73-86.Kelsay, J. 1993. Islam and War A Study in Comparative Ethics (1st ed.). Louisville, KY Westminster/John Knox Press. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=26085894Murdock, D, 2004, Saddam Husseins Phila nthropy of Terror Retrieved October 23, 2006 from www.husseinandterror.comPalys, T., Lowman, J. 2001. Social Research with Eyes Wide Shut The Limited Confidentiality Dilemma. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 43(2), 255. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001041487Ragin, C, 1994, Constructing Social Research, Pine Forge Pr, ISBN 0803990219Rezun, M. 1992. Saddam Husseins Gulf Wars uncertain Stakes in the Middle East. Westport, CT Praeger. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=107022508Simons, G. 1996. Iraq From Sumer to Saddam (Second ed.). Basingstoke Macmillan. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=97576434Zinger, I., Wichmann, C., Gendreau, P. 2001. Legal and Ethical Obligations in Social Research The Limited Confidentiality Requirement. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 43(2), 269.Weinrich, N.K., 1996 Integrating Qualitative and Quantitati ve Methods in Social Marketing Research, Social-Marketing.com, Retrieved October 21, 2006 from www.social-marketing.com/research.html